Comment
For the past 1000 years or so, certain cities have come to be associated with great periods of wealth creation, innovation and technology and artistic breakthroughs. Venice in the 13th century opened up trade to the east; the Renaissance in 15th century Florence developed from the artist workshop system; the opening up of trade with the East Indies and the Northern Renaissance of the 17th century; the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century; the breakthrough of modern art forms in 19th century London and Paris; and Modernism is 1920s Berlin and New York in the 1940s. These were the great creative milieux of western civilization and capitalism.